Java How to join Arrays

In this article, we will show you a few ways to join a Java Array.

1. Apache Commons Lang – ArrayUtils
2. Java API
3. Java 8 Stream

1. Apache Commons Lang – ArrayUtils

The simplest way is add the Apache Commons Lang library, and use ArrayUtils. addAll to join arrays. This method supports both primitive and object type arrays.

package com.mkyong.example.array;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class JoinArray {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] s1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
        String[] s2 = new String[]{"d", "e", "f"};
        String[] result = ArrayUtils.addAll(s1, s2);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result));
		int [] int1 = new int[]{1,2,3};
        int[] int2 = new int[]{4,5,6};
        int[] result2 = ArrayUtils.addAll(int1, int2);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result2));

Output

[a, b, c, d, e, f]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

For Maven user.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
    <version>3.4</version>
</dependency>

2. Java API

Pure Java API example, supports both primitive and generic types.

package com.mkyong.example.array;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class JoinArray {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] s1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
        String[] s2 = new String[]{"d", "e", "f"};
        String[] s3 = new String[]{"g", "h", "i"};
        String[] result = joinArrayGeneric(s1, s2, s3);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result));
        int[] int1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
        int[] int2 = new int[]{4, 5, 6};
        int[] int3 = new int[]{7, 8, 9};
        int[] result2 = joinArray(int1, int2, int3);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result2));
    static <T> T[] joinArrayGeneric(T[]... arrays) {
        int length = 0;
        for (T[] array : arrays) {
            length += array.length;
        //T[] result = new T[length];
        final T[] result = (T[]) Array.newInstance(arrays[0].getClass().getComponentType(), length);
        int offset = 0;
        for (T[] array : arrays) {
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, offset, array.length);
            offset += array.length;
        return result;
    static int[] joinArray(int[]... arrays) {
        int length = 0;
        for (int[] array : arrays) {
            length += array.length;
        final int[] result = new int[length];
        int offset = 0;
        for (int[] array : arrays) {
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, offset, array.length);
            offset += array.length;
        return result;
	//create other overloaded primitive type - long, double...
	//static long[] joinArray(long[]... arrays) 

Output

[a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

3. Java 8 Stream

Java 8 Stream example to join arrays.

package com.mkyong.example.array;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class JoinArray {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] s1 = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
        String[] s2 = new String[]{"d", "e", "f"};
        String[] s3 = new String[]{"g", "h", "i"};
		//join object type array
        String[] result = Stream.of(s1, s2, s3).flatMap(Stream::of).toArray(String[]::new);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result));
        int [] int1 = new int[]{1,2,3};
        int[] int2 = new int[]{4,5,6};
        int[] int3 = new int[]{7,8,9};
		//join 2 primitive type array
        int[] result2 = IntStream.concat(Arrays.stream(int1), Arrays.stream(int2)).toArray();
		//join 3 primitive type array, any better idea?
        int[] result3 = IntStream.concat(Arrays.stream(int1), 
			IntStream.concat(Arrays.stream(int2), Arrays.stream(int3))).toArray();
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result2));
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(result3));

Output

[a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Any better Java 8 Stream example? Do comment below.

References

1. Apache Commons Lang – ArrayUtils
2. Java 8 Stream JavaDoc
3. Java 8: Replace traditional for loops with IntStreams
4. Java 8 Stream Tutorial