Spring Boot Profile based properties and yaml example

In Spring Boot, it picks .properties or .yaml files in the following sequences :

• application-{profile}.properties and YAML variants
• application.properties and YAML variants

Tested :

• Spring Boot 2.1.2.RELEASE
• Maven 3

1. Project Structure

A standard Maven project structure.

2. @ConfigurationProperties

Read the properties or yaml files later.

package com.mkyong.config;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("server")
public class ServerProperties {
    private String email;
    private List<Cluster> cluster = new ArrayList<>();
    public static class Cluster {
        private String ip;
        private String path;
        public String getIp() {
            return ip;
        public void setIp(String ip) {
            this.ip = ip;
        public String getPath() {
            return path;
        public void setPath(String path) {
            this.path = path;
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Cluster{" +
                    "ip='" + ip + '\'' +
                    ", path='" + path + '\'' +
                    '}';
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    public List<Cluster> getCluster() {
        return cluster;
    public void setCluster(List<Cluster> cluster) {
        this.cluster = cluster;
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ServerProperties{" +
                "email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", cluster=" + cluster +
                '}';

3. Profile based Properties

Multiple profiles .properties example.

#Logging
logging.level.org.springframework.web=ERROR
logging.level.com.mkyong=ERROR
logging.level.=error
#spring
spring.main.banner-mode=off
spring.profiles.active=dev

#dev environment
server.email: dev@mkyong.com
server.cluster[0].ip=127.0.0.1
server.cluster[0].path=/dev1
server.cluster[1].ip=127.0.0.2
server.cluster[1].path=/dev2
server.cluster[2].ip=127.0.0.3
server.cluster[2].path=/dev3

#production environment
server.email: prod@mkyong.com
server.cluster[0].ip=192.168.0.1
server.cluster[0].path=/app1
server.cluster[1].ip=192.168.0.2
server.cluster[1].path=/app2
server.cluster[2].ip=192.168.0.3
server.cluster[2].path=/app3

4. Profile based YAML

Multiple profiles .yml example. In YAML, we can create multiple profiles by using a “—” separator.

logging:
  level:
    .: error
    org.springframework: ERROR
    com.mkyong: ERROR
spring:
  profiles:
    active: "dev"
  main:
    banner-mode: "off"
server:
  email: default@mkyong.com
---
spring:
  profiles: dev
server:
  email: dev@mkyong.com
  cluster:
    - ip: 127.0.0.1
      path: /dev1
    - ip: 127.0.0.2
      path: /dev2
    - ip: 127.0.0.3
      path: /dev3
---
spring:
  profiles: prod
server:
  email: prod@mkyong.com
  cluster:
    - ip: 192.168.0.1
      path: /app1
    - ip: 192.168.0.2
      path: /app2
    - ip: 192.168.0.3
      path: /app3

5. DEMO

5.1 Spring Boot application.

package com.mkyong;
import com.mkyong.config.ServerProperties;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Autowired
    private ServerProperties serverProperties;
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        System.out.println(serverProperties);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

5.2 Package and run it.

$ mvn package
# The 'dev' profile is configured in application.properties
# Profile : dev , picks application-dev.properties or YAML 
$ java -jar target/spring-boot-profile-1.0.jar
ServerProperties{email='dev@mkyong.com', cluster=[
	Cluster{ip='127.0.0.1', path='/dev1'}, 
	Cluster{ip='127.0.0.2', path='/dev2'}, 
	Cluster{ip='127.0.0.3', path='/dev3'}
]}
# Profile : prod, picks application-prod.properties or YAML
$ java -jar -Dspring.profiles.active=prod target/spring-boot-profile-1.0.jar
ServerProperties{email='prod@mkyong.com', cluster=[
	Cluster{ip='192.168.0.1', path='/app1'}, 
	Cluster{ip='192.168.0.2', path='/app2'}, 
	Cluster{ip='192.168.0.3', path='/app3'}
]}
# Profile : abc, a non-exists profile
$ java -jar -Dspring.profiles.active=abc target/spring-boot-profile-1.0.jar
ServerProperties{email='null', cluster=[]}